An age-related deficit in prefrontal cortical function associated with refreshing information

Article Abstract:

Older adults are slower than young adults to think of an item they just saw, that is, to engage or execute (or both) the simple reflective operation of refreshing just-activated information. In addition, they derive less long-term memory benefit from refreshing information. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that relative to young adults, older adults showed reduced refresh-related activity in an area of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left middle frontal gyrus, Brodmann's Area 9), but not in other refresh-related areas. This provides strong evidence that a frontal component of the circuit that subserves this basic cognitive process is especially vulnerable to aging. Such a refresh deficit could contribute to poorer performance of older than young adults on a wide range of cognitive tasks.

Comparative analysis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cognition in old age, Old age cognition, Recollection (Psychology), Recall (Memory), Cognition in adolescence, Adolescent cognition

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The similarity of brain activity associated with true and false recognition memory depends on test format

Article Abstract:

Subjects engage in different types of processing according to the test format adopted, with research suggesting that brain activity is different for false and true memories in line with how the memories are evaluated by the individual. The evidence criteria needed to attribute memory to a specific source and the features under examination will affect whether 'true' and 'false' memories appear alike in underlying brain activity and if they appear alike phenomenally. The research methodology and results are presented.

Brain, Localization (Brain function), Cognitive psychology

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Repeated exposure to suggestion and the creation of false memories

Article Abstract:

Repeated exposure to suggestion facilitates the creation of false memory for suggested events and thus affects the truthfulness of eyewitness testimony. Misleading suggestions, repeatedly given at the time of watching an event, remain with the subjects. This causes subjects to claim with confidence that they have actually witnessed them. The effects of such repeated exposure persist for as long as one week, confirming the potential of repeated suggestion to create false memory.

Psychological aspects, Witnesses, Mental suggestion, Autosuggestion

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