Religious terrorism in Japan: the fatal appeal of Aum Shinrikyo

Article Abstract:

The Aum Shinrikyo religious sect hugged headlines around the world after investigators blamed it for the shocking Mar. 1995 gas attack on the Tokyo, Japan, subway system that left 12 people dead and injured nearly 6,000 others. Founded as Aum Shinsen no Kai by Asahara Shoko in 1984, the group attracted several brilliant young scientists and engineers to its ranks. However, it was not long before its leaders were implicated in criminal activities that saw several dozen innocent citizens killed. Aum's appeal can be explained in the lack of identity that plagued Japanese youth during the 1980s and 1990s.

Evaluation, Religious aspects, Sects, Aum Shinrikyo

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Japan's 1991 minesweeping decision: an organizational response

Article Abstract:

The policy responses of Japan to the Gulf War is examined with emphasis on Japan's deployment of minesweepers to the Persian Gulf in 1991. Japan's policies reflect the pre-war preparations of Japanese organizations. These preparations also indicate the learning experiences of Japanese organizations. It can therefore be concluded that Japanese organizations have scarcely come face-to-face with the degree of conflict such as that of the Persian Gulf War. In conclusion, Japan's policy responses fall in the description of a routinized institutional behavior.

Military policy

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Financial transfers from Japan to North Korea: estimating the unreported flows

Article Abstract:

The General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chosen Soren) was believed to be funneling $650 million-$850 million to North Korea. However, computations based on trade balances indicate that foreign remittances to North Korea may not have exceeded $100 million a year since 1990. Furthermore, the results of the trade balance method indicate that foreign hard currency remittances to North Korea since 1989 have declined sharply. Therefore, North Korea must locate new sources of hard currency earnings or new sources of concessional foreign aid.

Economic aspects, Finance, Economic assistance, Foreign economic assistance, Balance of trade, North Korea, Emigrant remittances, General Association of Korean Residents in Japan

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