Shades of wildness tribe, caste, and gender in Western India

Article Abstract:

Notions of tribalism with its references to backwardness and savagery were promoted by colonizers who had to capitalize on the rule of difference to justify their colonial presence. Such was the case with the Bhils of the Khandesh region of western India. The British colonial powers mandated the separation of groups into tribes and castes that complement their ideas about primitives. This thinking runs rampant in modern society as seemingly more sophisticated groups assert their superiority over people who are simply different but far from inferior.

History, Indian history, Imperialism, Tribes, Primitive societies, Traditional societies

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Lower strata, older races, and aboriginal peoples: racial anthropology and mythical history past and present

Article Abstract:

Archaeological facts do not provide a biological basis for the social hierarchy that has become institutionalized in India and in other parts of the world as well. A modern understanding of Indian history is hindered by myths of social classification based on races of descent and social stereotypes. This situation intensified when the Census of 1901 was given a racial ethnographic emphasis. Once it was formed, social stereotypes outlasted the generation that developed them and has remained ingrained in the social strata of late 20th-century India.

Social aspects, Social classes, Social class, Ethnology, Cultural anthropology

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