Aqueous chlorination kinetics and mechanism of substituted dihydroxybenzenes

Article Abstract:

The chlorination of resorcinol through dichlororesorcinol was evaluated using a series of chlorine-substituted resorcinol substrates. Their initial chlorination kinetics were examined over the pH range of two to 12 at 12 degrees Celsius. The apparent chlorination rates for each of the resorcinol substrates are a minimum in the pH range of three to six and a maximum in the pH range of eight to 11. A mechanism involving the reaction of HOCl with ArX(OH)2, ArX(OH)O- and ArX(O-)2 and an acid-catalyzed pathway at pH<4 is presented to explain such pH dependence.

Cyclic crudes and intermediates, Resorcinol, Analysis, Chlorination, Resorcinols

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Colloid deposition rates on silica bed media and artifacts related to collector surface preparation methods

Article Abstract:

Colloid deposition rates in porous media are studied under unfavorable filtration conditions using colector surface preparation methods. Experiments are conducted wherein soda-lime glass beads and crystalline quartzsand beads are filtered by means of glass chromathography. The beads' deposition rates are then determined in terms of the collection efficiency. Results show that the proper selection of preparation methods and porous medium play a significant role in the determination of the beads' attachment efficiencies.

Methods, Sedimentation and deposition, Deposition (Geology), Filtration

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Chlorinated structures in high molecular weight organic matter isolated from fresh and decaying plant material and soil

Article Abstract:

Recent studies have proven that the presence of organohalogens in relatively unpolluted environments are caused by the natural halogenation of organic macromolecules. No evidence of chlorinated aromatic structures can be found in samples taken from fresh plant matter. The two samples, fresh and decaying plant materials which were isolated by acidic solvolysis and spruce forest and meadow grass soil samples with high molecular weight, yielded several benzoic acid derivatives after undergoing oxidative degradation.

Industrial Organic Chemicals, Petrochemical Manufacturing, Benzene, Halogenated Aromatics NEC, Halocarbons, Aromatic compounds, Halogens, Halogen elements

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