How are temperatures close to absolute zero achieved and measured?

Article Abstract:

Wolfgang Ketterie of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology explains the scientific meaning of temperature and explains how low temperature of atoms is measured. Paul B. Shepson, professor of atmospheric chemistry at Purdue University's School of science states that air is cooler when heat rises at higher evaluations due to the phenomenon that air undergoes an expansion from higher to lower pressure and hence cools.

United States, Measurement, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Atoms, Thermal properties, Temperature, Air, Ketterie, Wolfgang, Shepson, Paul B.

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A hot topic: is there a downside to rising temperatures?

Article Abstract:

Scientists and researchers are divided over the actual cause and nature of rising greenhouse gas levels. Canadian federal government authorities have set aside $150 million in the 1998 budget to cover action and research on managing climate change.

Management, Canada, Environmental policy, Greenhouse effect

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Frozen fuel

Article Abstract:

Frozen gas hydrates are composed of 20 water molecules that enclose one methane molecule or hydrogen sulfide. Gas hydrate deposits are found under the ocean's surface. The crystals may regulate the Earth's climate and promote global warming.

Hydrates, Offshore gas fields, Natural gas in submerged lands

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