Real-time construction staking

Article Abstract:

A surveying firm successfully staked a 250 acre site in Ramona, California, using global positioning systems (GPS) and real-time kinematic (RTK) techniques. The topography and large size of the site made the use of RTK suitable. The GPS network is a group of 24 satellites that maintain a 12 hr orbit above Earth. The GPS receivers used for civilian purposes have a 100 m range and, combining several receivers, give a subcentimeter resolution. For RTK purposes, there should be a radio link between every GPS receiver and the base GPS receiver.

Methods, Kinematics, Topographical surveying

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Staking your claim

Article Abstract:

The legal protections available to defend intellectual property are nearly the same as those to be found in the defense of real estate. Intellectual property owners can protect their creations with patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secret laws rather than fences or alarm systems. Each type of protection provides specific privileges and carries specific penalties for violations. Patents, for example, are one of the most potent forms of intellectual property protection.

Laws, regulations and rules, Intellectual property, Intangible property, Intangible assets

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A new look at old man river

Article Abstract:

The US Geological Survey led a panel of engineers and scientists that conducted a $3.7 million aerial mapping project for the Mississippi River. This project was part of efforts to develop a federal flood recovery program for the region. The Global Positioning System played an important role in the project as it allowed the panel to update the digital elevation models used in previous mapping activities.

Innovations, Mississippi River, Maps (Geography), Cartography

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