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The evolution of continental crust: the high-standing continents owe their existence to the earth's long history of plate-tectonic activity

Article Abstract:

The earth's seven continents were formed by the activity of the tectonic plates. Research shows that the tertiary continental crust was formed over several billion years even though it accounts for half of 1% of the earth's mass. Neither Venus nor the moon demonstrate tectonic plate activity.

Author: McLennan, Scott M., Taylor, S. Ross
Publisher: Scientific American, Inc.
Publication Name: Scientific American
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0036-8733
Year: 1996
Analysis, Geological research

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Microbes deep inside the earth

Article Abstract:

Microbes such as protozoa, fungi and bacteria have long been hunted on the earth's surface, but were only recently discovered far below it. The slow metabolic rate of microbes gives them high levels of endurance, as well as making their viability difficult to detect.

Author: Onstott, Tullis C., Fredrickson, James K.
Publisher: Scientific American, Inc.
Publication Name: Scientific American
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0036-8733
Year: 1996
Observations, Bacteria, Microorganisms, Life, Origin, Origin of life

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Hot spots unplugged

Article Abstract:

Studies reveal that volcanic hotspots, the areas within the Earth whose flames burn and pump lava to the surface to build an island, are mobile and not fixed as thought earlier.

Author: Tarduno, John A.
Publisher: Scientific American, Inc.
Publication Name: Scientific American
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0036-8733
Year: 2008
Environmental aspects, Composition, Volcanoes, Mantle (Geology), Magnetism

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Subjects list: Research, Earth, Crust (Geology), Plate tectonics
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