A reexamination of Balassa's productivity bias hypothesis

Article Abstract:

B. Balassa claims that the productivity differentials between two countries can be determined by the deviation of purchasing power parity from the exchange rate. The productivity bias hypothesis also holds that overvalued currency in real terms is proportional to a country's productivity. Cross-sectional data from over 100 countries were used to validate the hypothesis. Results show that the hypothesis cannot be used to convert per capita incomes from domestic currencies to base country currency.

Economic aspects, Prices and rates, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange rates, Capital productivity, Purchasing power

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Evaluating Familial Support for the Elderly: The Intrahousehold Allocation of Medical Expenditures in Rural Pakistan(*)

Article Abstract:

Studies show that access to health care for the elderly in rural Pakistan is negatively affected by their declining ability to make economic contributions to the household. Medical expenditures are directly correlated to an individual's productivity, indicating that those household members who have the greatest need for medical care are less likely to receive it.

Health Care, Health Care and Social Assistance, HEALTH SERVICES, Pakistan, Health aspects, Aged, Elderly, Medical care, Social policy, Demographic aspects, Age discrimination

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