Benefits of adding window film

Article Abstract:

The use of window films has increased as the films are seen as more than simply decorative and their applications for energy conservation are realized, with several different types of films now available from which building managers can select. While demonstrating the benefits of window films for energy conservation is as simple as standing in front of protected and non-protected windows on a sunny day, the benefits they provide in energy cost savings are more difficult to quantify because of the variation from location to location. Many manufacturers use computer analysis techniques to determine the potential energy savings for a building, but the individual characteristics of any building, its environmental setting, and the climate of the area lead to considerable variation in benefits. New technologies applied to the most recent generation of window films and the benefits the films provide are described.

Methods, Innovations, Housing, Energy use, Windows, Thermal insulation, Insulating materials, Energy conservation, Insulation (Heat)

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On participation and membership in discursive practice

Article Abstract:

The practice in which the participants participate is characterized in terms of the authority recognized by those same participants, which requires that one be a member of a particular form of group constituted by those who recognize the authority of that discursive practice is described. The membership in such groups is constituted by the conjunction of shared discursive practices, common recognition of the authority of that practice, and commitments between the members.

United States, Analysis, Influence, Characters of groups, Group characters, Dominance (Psychology)

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Membership benefits or selection effects? why former Communist Party members do better in post-Soviet Russia

Article Abstract:

The author explains why former Communist Party members in post-Soviet Russia have higher earnings than non-Party members. The crucial role of selection into the Party is emphasized.

Russia, Finance, Membership, Communists, Communist Party (Russia)

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