Personality, affect, and behavior in groups

Article Abstract:

Building from an attraction-selection-attrition framework (Schneider, 1987) and the socialization literature, this study views personality, affect, and behavior as group-level phenomena. Among a sample of 26 work groups, it was found that individual affect was consistent within groups, suggesting that the affective tone of a group is a meaningful construct. Characteristic levels of the personality traits positive affectivity and negative affectivity within groups were positively associated with the positive and negative affective tones of the groups, respectively. In addition, the affective tone of a group was related to group behaviors. More specifically, the negative affective tone of a group was found to be negatively related to the extent to which the group engaged in prosocial behavior. Absenteeism by group members was negatively correlated with the positive affective tone. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Psychological aspects, Work groups, Teamwork (Workplace), Personality, Personality (Psychology)

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The restriction of range problem and nonignorable selection processes

Article Abstract:

We describe a general model for estimating test validity when criterion scores cannot be observed for all cases. Unlike the traditional restriction of range correction formula, the proposed procedure can yield accurate estimates in problems in which an unobservable variable, related to y, is the basis for selection. This type of selection process is referred to as being nonignorable. In the nonignorable case, the regression statistics computed in the selected group, as well as the correction formula estimate, will be biased. The potential advantages of the proposed procedure over the correction formula approach are demonstrated in terms of hypothetical data sets in which the selection process is nonignorable. The shortcoming of the proposed analysis and future research needs are also discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Examinations, Test validity

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