Performance posting, goal setting, and activity-contingent praise as applied to a university hockey team

Article Abstract:

Rate of legal body checking (hit rate) was targeted for change for each of two consecutive seasons for a university hockey team that had a chronic losing record. Following baseline recording (A), the interventions of publicly posted individual feedback (B), goal setting (C), and praise (D) were successfully introduced 'on-the-baseline' using a components-analysis research strategy. An analogous design and procedure was used the following season, with the exception that more intensive training was given to the coach on the delivery of praise. Overall, the mean hit rate increased 82% (excluding the highly talented senior players who initiated the first project application) and 141% (no exclusions), respectively, for 2 years. Moreover, with the single exception of the praise treatment of the first year, increments in hit rate occurred with the onset and tenure of each intervention (most ps less than .01). Evidence was presented that this acceleration in legal check rates probably was not due to an increase in general aggressiveness. Finally, both teams had winning seasons and qualified for season-end playoffs as well. Implications for the uses of behavioral interventions in sports along with those for the coach-as-manager are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Psychological aspects, Methods, Analysis, Management, College sports, Coaching (Athletics), Athletic coaching, Praise, Motivation in education, Student motivation, Hockey teams

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Relation of Effort-Performance Expectancy to Performance in Goal-Setting Experiments

Article Abstract:

This report analyzes data collected from two previous investigations with regard to multiple performance regression of goals and expectancies. Prospective strategies for performance augmentation by synchronous elevation of goals and expectancies are noted. In predictive terms of goal-setting and expectancy, all conditions being equal - performance increases as effort-performance expectancy increases. Equations were formulated to attempt to prove the theory that a high degree of consistency exists concerning experimental tasks; also to control the variables pertinent to the theory. Provisional deductions relating to effort-performance expectancies featuring goal-setting ends, point toward results consistent with an expectancy motivation model. The author is now involved in research pertaining to theoretical and methodological approaches of correlating successful performance levels with expectancy measures in goal-setting tests.

Models, Performance, Regression analysis

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Goal setting: an extension of the research

Article Abstract:

Goal setting improves the performance of workers in less developed countries much as it does in industrial nations, a study of Caribbean women determined. Workers given difficult goals outperformed those given no goals or told to do their best. However, national variables must be considered in future research, as should the quality of the productivity and any long-term effects the goal chasing might have.

Social aspects, International aspects, Developing countries, Comparative analysis, Labor relations, Supervision of employees, Employee supervision, Goal setting

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