The development of intellectual capability: a discussion of stratified systems theory

Article Abstract:

This article addresses the cognitive processes required for individuals to plan and carry out goal-directed activities. The author postulates that different states of cognitive functioning exist and that individuals change to different states as they reach different points of cognitive power - measured in time horizons - rather than particular ages. Work is measured in terms of time spans for its completion, and from this the author develops a stratified hierarchy of organization. A "quintave" theory of cognitive development based on four cognitive states - shaping, reflective articulation, extrapolation, and transformation of systems - is presented, with the four states appearing repeatedly in increasingly complex settings in higher organizational strata. The author discusses the maturation of individuals' cognitive power, hypothesizing that everyone does not mature along the same track of cognitivedevelopment, with some maturing further along the track than others, and proposing instead a multiple track theory. The author concludes that cognitive development differs from intelligence quotient (IQ), and that it occurs regardless of social and economic opportunities for exercising cognitive power. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Research, Cognitive styles, Mental work, Cognition, Culture, Developmental psychology, Cognition and culture, Maturation (Psychology)

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Louis A. Zurcher, Jr.: an intellectual portrait of an applied behavioral scientist

Article Abstract:

Acting co-editor of The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Gideon Sjoberg assesses the accomplishments of Louis A. Zurcher, Jr., who was editor of JABS from 1979 until his death in December 1988. A colleague and friend of Zurcher's, Sjoberg critically evaluates Zurcher's scholarly writings, work as JABS editor, and role in academia. Despite any flaws in the development of Zurcher's ideas, Sjoberg considers them valuable for scholars seeking to grasp issues at the core of understanding human existence, particularly those related to social role theory and moral dimensions of the self. He also believes that Zurcher's activities as a journal editor and academic - and the way he lived his life - provide valuable lessons for nearly all of us. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Behavior, Personalities, Social role, Zurcher, Louis A., Jr.

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The changing epistemological assumptions of group theory

Article Abstract:

A study reviews the origins of group dynamics and development theory, arguing that although traditional group theory has proven useful in homogenous groups, applying these theories to the heterogeneous groups common to contemporary organizations counters efforts to honor and promote multiculturalism. It describes ways in which traditional theory, due to its epistemological origins in organicism, tacitly undermines efforts to promote the inclusion of multiple voices in groups, and develops principles for a contextualist theory of group dynamics and process, stressing the pragmatic values of utility and action.

Analysis, Influence, Multiculturalism, Decision-making, Group, Group decision making

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