Differential construal as an explanation for false consensus and false uniqueness effects

Article Abstract:

Two studies were conducted to determine if differential construals lead not only to a false consensus effect (FCE) but also to false uniqueness effects (FUE). Results of the two studies, using different designs, suggest that the match between construal of a category by subjects and expectations regarding reference groups may generate a FCE or a FUE. The findings extend Gilovich's (1990) study showing that differential construal results in FCE.

Intergroup relations, Psychology, Experimental, Experimental psychology, Consensus (Social sciences)

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Numerical representation of groups in cooperative settings: Social orientation effects on ingroup bias

Article Abstract:

It was investigated whether ingroup favoritism often expressed by numerical minorities, compared with numerical majorities, can be minimized by encouraging interpersonal social orientation during intergroup cooperation. Two studies were undertaken, with results supporting the hypothesis that ingroup identification and cohesion mediates the effect of social orientation on ingroup bias amongst numberical majority and minority groups.

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Effects of causal uncertainty on the dispositional attribution process

Article Abstract:

Causal uncertainty affects people's judgment when making dispositional attributions. Less adjustments of impressions were correlated with greater levels of causal uncertainty. Moreover, when respondents are provided with positive background information, attributions lead to negativity while negative background information leads to positive attributions.

Behavior Theory, Analysis, Human behavior, Attribution (Social psychology), Attribution (Psychology), Personality and situation, Situation-personality interaction

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