Scholarship and societies in Senegal: a survey

Article Abstract:

Poverty has become a key focus of research in Senegal since the end of the 1980s, with the matrix of structural adjustment a primary consideration in many of the leading works. However, there has been little study of undeclared income and economic activity, social mobility among generations, or urban stratification. The scientific community in Senegal has considered issues of society's functioning, as well as the sociologists. However, academics are becoming integrated within Senegal's power structure and working conditions for students and teachers are deteriorating.

Sociology, Senegal

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The emergence of political and civil societies in Warsaw: post-1989 dilemmas

Article Abstract:

An argument is presented for a separation between civil society and political society in Poland, examining the roles of nongovernmental organizations, neighborhood councils and protest groups. The article focuses on citizen participation in politics and the resulting impact on the spatial and ideological formation of a civil society, using post-socialist Warsaw as an example.

Poland, Statistical Data Included, Economic aspects, Economic development, Democracy, Non-governmental organizations, Nongovernmental organizations, Post-communism, Civil society, Warsaw, Poland

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The emergence of trendsetters for fashions and fads: kogaru in 1990s Japan

Article Abstract:

The concept of kogaru in 1990s Japan as trendsetters is discussed. The trendsetting requires resources, particularly leisure time to devote to fashion, disposable income, and communication networks are argued.

Japan, Public affairs, Evaluation, Social issue, Social conditions

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