The El Salvadoran peace process five years on: an assessment

Article Abstract:

El Salvador's political history provides several lessons concerning the Cold War and the peace process involved in its resolution. The peace process may be applied to ongoing American peacemaking efforts in conflicts such as those in the Middle East, Northern Ireland and Bosnia. To resolve the Cold War, successful negotiations were conducted between the government and the Farabundo Marti Front for National Liberation (FMLN). Five key factors were responsible for the negotiations which included the diminishing outside support received by FMLN and the intercession of international groups.

History, El Salvador, Cold War, 1945-1991

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When an authoritarian state victimizes the nation: Transitional justice, collective memory, and political divides

Article Abstract:

The author examines the way in which political behavior in post authoritarian states both manifests and modifies aggressor-victim memory and the development of transitional justice as the way societies or groups deal with their past. It is strongly felt that if aggressors and victims confront one another and move towards reconciliation, post authoritarian states have transitional justice that can free political behavior from the trappings of the past.

Victims' rights, Transitional justice

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Paramilitaries, peace, and politics: Ulster loyalists and the 1994 truce

Article Abstract:

The loyalist paramilitary groups, The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and The Ulster Defence Association (UDA) have opposed the declaration of a ceasefire by the Irish Republican Army in 1994. UVF and UDA support violence as a way to avenge Republican attacks and to counteract the benefits being obtained by opponents. The longer ceasefire is expected to force the loyalists to eschew violence and come to the negotiating table.

Military policy, Northern Ireland, Paramilitary groups, Ulster Defence Association, Ulster Volunteer Force (Northern Ireland)

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