A target for PI(3) kinase

Article Abstract:

The lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase or PI(3)K has a major role in signal transduction pathways, information channels initiated at cell membranes and reaching the nucleus, and may regulate gene expression and cellular proliferation. The activities of the protein kinase C family and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase, may be regulated by PI(3)K. The serine/threonine kinase known differently as protein kinase B (PKB), Akt and Rac may be stimulated by and bind directly to 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. The mechanisms of PI(3)K are important to understand because cancer cells result from damaged pathways.

Observations, Protein kinases, Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylinositols

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Rac and Rho in tune

Article Abstract:

How serum growth factors, GTP-binding proteins and cytoskeletal structure interact to regulate cellular processes such as cell division has been made clearer by recent research. Anne Ridley, Alan Hall and co-workers showed that the extracellular factors to actin organization actually consist of a whole array of Ras superfamily GTPases, Ras being the guanine-nucleotide-binding protein related to the Rho protein. Rho and Rac are regulatory molecules that determine the structure of actin microfilaments.

Physiological aspects, G proteins, Actin, Cytoskeleton

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Exchange rate mechanisms

Article Abstract:

Chengchao Shou and colleagues have advanced the study of signal transduction in eukaryotic cells by successfully cloning a Ras-protein specific mammalian guanine-nucleotide-exchange or releasing factor. The cloned exchange factor will help the understanding of control mechanisms for those proteins and Ras-proteins as well as exploring the relationship between tyrosine kinases in exchange factors and growth factor receptors.

Eukaryotic cells, Cells (Biology), Eukaryotes, Cloning

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