Carbon isotope evidence for early life

Article Abstract:

The effects of prograde thermal metamorphism on carbon isotope ratios were re-analyzed by resolving the errors in the calculations involved in the distillation of carbon dioxide from residual graphite through the Rayleigh equation. The corrections require that the fluids with residual hydrocarbons and graphite should have a high C/C ratio and that the reaction rate among the hydrocarbon and graphite residuals and the fluids must be rapid under equilibrate conditions. These enable the Rayleigh distillation reactions to proceed to low residual carbon values and therefore, approximate optimum value diagnostic of biogenic carbon.

Research, Testimony, Soils, Soil carbon, Metamorphism (Geology), Paleopedology

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Evolution of extreme specialization within a lineage of ectomycorrhizal epiparasites

Article Abstract:

The ectomycorrhizal association of some plants with fungal taxa appears to be highly specific, contrary to earlier predictions. The species Pterospora andromedea is very specific in its association with a species of the genus Rhizopogon. Monotropes such as Monotropoideae and Ericaceae are epiparasitic plants that get carbon from green plants through ectomycorrhizal association. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that specialization in the Monotropoideae has been obtained through a narrowing of associations within the lineage of P. andromedea.

Observations, Symbiosis, Fungi, Parasites

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