Lead exposure in American black ducks after implementation of non-toxic shot

Article Abstract:

Research is presented concerning the effect which the ban of lead shot has had on lead poisoning in American black ducks wintering in Tennessee. The decline in lead exposure among adult ducks is discussed.

Lead, Physiological aspects, Black duck, Lead poisoning

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Environmental characteristics associated with the occurrence of avian botulism in wetlands of a Northern California refuge

Article Abstract:

The environmental factors associated with the occurrence of avian botulism in waterbirds at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge in California were investigated. To this end, the environmental attributes between wetlands where outbreaks took place and did not take place were compared. Results showed that there was significantly lower redox potential in outbreak wetlands than nonoutbreak wetlands. The likelihood of botulism in sentinel mallards was related to increasing temperature and invertebrate abundance as well as decreasing turbidity.

Bird refuges, Bird sanctuaries, Wetland ecology, Wildlife refuges, Nature reserves, Water birds

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Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands

Article Abstract:

Wetlands with outbreaks of avian botulism have sediment containing higher levels of organic matter, and water with lower redox potential than do control sites. There is more risk of an outbreak of botulism when there is negative redox potential, water pH is from 7.5 and 9.0, and the temperature is higher than 20 deg C. Low salinity levels, low water temperature and higher redox potential means a lower risk of botulism. These findings could be helpful in controlling avian botulism

Diseases, Birds, Wetlands

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