Horse sickness and ENSO in South Africa

Article Abstract:

African horse sickness (AHS) is an infectious horse disease with high mortality rates. Major epizootics of the disease have occurred in South African every 10 to 15 years. A strong link between the timing of the epizootics and the warm (El Nino) phase of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has now been discovered. It is thought that a period of drought followed by heavy rainfall can alter the breeding sites of the insect vector, and the virus reservoir (zebra) may gather close to sources of water. During high temperatures vector population growth rates are increased, favouring virus transmission.

Diseases, Horses, Horse diseases, Environmentally induced diseases, Environmental illness

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A proxy index of ENSO teleconnections

Article Abstract:

Differences in the temperature of equatorial seas can be estimated from the isotopic and chemical composition of aragonite laid down annually by coral reefs. Observations over a six-year period, which included the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), of the central equatorial Pacific sea temperature show that the sampling method confirmed the variability of temperature. It is concluded that the oxygen isotopic record, termed NINO-C, can provide an index of teleconnections linked to ENSO and gives an estimate of tropical and extra-tropical climate change interannually.

Environmental aspects, El Nino, El Nino Current, Oceanographic research, Southern oscillation

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Modulation of hemispheric sea-ice cover by ENSO events

Article Abstract:

Multiple-window harmonic analysis indicates that variations in Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice covers arise due to the quasiperiodic change in climate, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This technique indicates the presence of quasi-biennial and -quadrennial periodicities in Arctic and Antarctic sea-covers, that are in agreement with the changes due to ENSO.

Influence, Climatic changes, Climate change, Sea ice

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