Modeling the effects of fishing and implications of the design of marine protected areas: juvenile fish responses to variations in seafloor habitat

Article Abstract:

The effects of fishing and implications of the design of marine protected areas have been modeled with attention to juvenile fish responses to variations in seafloor habitat. The model was applied to a theoretical patch of hard-bottom substratum and to a case study based on seafloor distributions at Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Gulf of Maine, Northwest Atlantic). Shape of response surfaces patterns that show relationships between juvenile cod (Gadus marhua) survivorship and density as well as movement rate were similar no matter what the functional response type. It was seen that juvenile cod movement rates and post-settlement density were critical for predicting effects of marine protected-area size on survivorship. Habitat change caused by fishing was seen to have significant negative effects on juvenile cod surviving. It showed use of marine protected areas can be ameliorating.

United States, Statistical Data Included, Research, Usage, Mathematical models, Ocean bottom, Codfish, Marine fishes, Marine parks and reserves, Marine parks, Cod-fisheries, Cod fisheries, Codfishes, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Gulf of Maine, Northwest Atlantic)

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Significance of bottom-fishing disturbance

Article Abstract:

The majority of studies conducted concerning the ecological effects of bottom-fishing activities in the benthic ecology of the seas of northern Europe have examined only the short-term effects. Some areas in this region have been subjected to fishing disturbances for over 50 years, further complicating predictions about long-term changes in the species or communities in these environments that are frequently disturbed.

Trawling

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A conceptual model of the impacts of fishing gear on the integrity of fish habitats

Article Abstract:

Fishing gears used over large continental shelves are a threat to sea animals because they smooth out bedforms and remove epifauna and other vital species. Furthermore, studies that would show the adverse effects of fishing gear on fishing habitats are small in scale and do not consider the global consequences.

Equipment and supplies, Fishhooks, Fisheries, Commercial fishing gear

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