Nucleocytoplasmic transport: signals, mechanisms and regulation

Article Abstract:

Nucleocytoplasmic transport occurs between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm through large multiprotein structures called nuclear pore complexes. Nuclear localization signals target the pore complexes and are different for each protein or nucleoprotein cargo. This transport system is necessary for the replication and assembly of many viruses. The development of efficient in vitro systems has allowed nuclear import factors to be characterized but no in vitro systems exist as of yet for understanding nuclear export. The mechanisms regulating the transport are not understood but regulation is by class of cargo.

Biological transport

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Z and the insoluble answer

Article Abstract:

The Z variant of human alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) assembles insoluble homopolymers in the liver's endoplasmic reticulum by means of loop-sheet polymerization. AAT is a folded, single polypeptide whose Z variant is linked to liver diseases including cirrhosis. Electron micrographs of the liver's endoplasmic reticulum indicate that loop-sheet polymerization is the mechanism by which AAT functions. The accumulation of AAT caused by the polymerization contributes to liver damage.

Physiological aspects, Liver, Endoplasmic reticulum, Polymerization, Alpha 1-antitrypsin

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