On the points of melting

Article Abstract:

Researchers have developed a new model system for studying structural phase transitions which enables scientists to view the processes with video cameras. The system is a plasma crystal which functions on the principle that like-charged particles repel each other. The plasma crystal exhibits aspects of the melting process that are unique, such as the tendency of spheres to trace out elliptical trajectories under specific conditions.

Phase transformations (Statistical physics), Phase transitions (Physics), High temperature materials, Materials at high temperatures

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New age crystals: sensors

Article Abstract:

Holtz and Asher at the University of Pittsburgh have created a new class of composite materials that combine sensitivity with specificity, and are also very beautiful. The chemically functionalized gels consist of networks of crosslinked polymer strands and they can be designed to respond to a specific stimulus, so that many different tests could benefit from the same optical read-out equipment.

Product development, Design and construction, Sensors, Composite materials

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Vortex rings in a constant electric field

Article Abstract:

Unrecognized class of hierarchically organized dynamic patterns that arises in aqueous charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions when electrohydrodynamic forces due to constant applied fields compete with gravity are described. It is stated that colloidal vortex rings emerge as a cooperative phenomenon driven both by electrokinetic forces and by gravity.

Science & research, Electrokinetics, Suspensions (Chemistry)

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