Perception of changes in loudness

Article Abstract:

It is possible to dispute the view that direction of change in loudness is a significant factor in the perception of dynamic loudness change. In fact, there is evidence that declining signal intensity covers a greater range of loudness than does signal intensity. Research indicating that rising level tones change in loudness more than falling level tones, even though there is the same actual change in level, should be assessed in the context of what is already known about loudness perception for signals that constantly change in intensity.

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Evolutionary transition from stretch to hearing organs in ancient grasshoppers

Article Abstract:

Modern insects have ears on a wide variety of body parts, suggesting that they may have evolved from vibration or stretch receptors. A new study investigates the hearing organs in an ancient bladder grasshopper, Bullacris membracioides, which is able to respond to signals over 2 km away. The study confirms that stretch or vibration receptors are the origin of insect ears and shows that simple pleural receptors have greater auditory capabilities than the tympanate ears of modern insects.

Developmental biology, Insects, Locusts, Locusts (Insects), Animal anatomy

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Sounds in a virtual world

Article Abstract:

Researchers A. Kulkarni and H.S. Colburn have described the physiological processes involved in virtual auditory space. A filter described as the head-related transfer function is applied by the external-ear during sound location. Virtual sounds created by virtual auditory space applications appear to be the same as real sounds to the human ear.

Virtual computer systems, Virtual machines, Auditory evoked response, Auditory evoked potentials

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