Planning for the future by western scrub-jays

Article Abstract:

The Bischof-Kohler hypothesis is used to test whether a member of the corvid family, the western scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica), plans for the future. The results have shown that the jays can spontaneously plan for the future without any reference to their present motivational state, thereby challenging the idea that knowledge of and planning is a uniquely human ability.

Strategy & planning, Psychological aspects, Planning, Behavior, Company business planning, Jays, Future predictions, Hoarding (Animal feeding behavior)

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Beyond the troubled relationship

Article Abstract:

The systematic reduction in the meaning of basic concepts of Islam reduced Islam to one-dimensional faith and truncated its creativity, whose reformation will go together with revival of science.

Creative ability in science, Scientific creativity, Religion and science, Islamic culture

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