Soldiers as experimental animals

Article Abstract:

A report released in Jan 1993 by the US Institute of Medicine details the testing of mustard gas, Lewisite and nitrogen mustard on soldiers between 1943 and 1945. About 60,000 service personnel were exposed to these chemicals during this period. The report deplores the use of humans for this experimentation and also asserts that the medical research into the effects of these agents was slipshod. There has been relatively little litigation brought by the subjects of the experiments. Information concerning these experiments has been treated as a military secret since 1945.

Health aspects, Editorial, Testing, Soldiers, Chemical weapons, Mustard gas, Lewisite (Poison gas)

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Probing motivational state during agonistic encounters in animals

Article Abstract:

Research into the motivational state of animals during the course of a fight has used hermit crabs collected from a shore in Northern Ireland. Particular attention was given to whether relative fighting ability and resource value are evaluated by the animal and, if so, how the information affects motivational state at a specific time in the contest. The relative size ot the combatants did not seem to affect the motivation of the attacker. The temporal pattern of the fight varied with relative size, with fewer raps per bout given to quite large opponents.

Research, Behavior, Hermit-crabs, Hermit crabs, Animal fighting

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Experimental variation in polyandry affects parasite loads and fitness in a bumble-bee

Article Abstract:

Honeybee queens may mate with 10-20 males, but the reasons for this behaviour is unknown, and although several potential benefits of polyandry have bee proposed, none have been well supported. The hypothesis that genetic diversity amongst offspring could offer some protection from parasitism has been tested. It is proposed that female mating frequency may be partly influenced by parasites.

Honeybee, Parasites

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