Toll-like receptor-2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular signalling

Article Abstract:

A range of defence mechanisms are initiated by vertebrates and invertebrates after infection by Gram-negative bacteria, by sensing the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokines are expressed by monocytes and macrophages in humans, in response to LPS. It is shown that the signalling receptor TLR2, activated by LPS, is a response depending on LPS-binding protein and is enhanced by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein CD14.

Gram-negative bacteria, Endotoxins

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A single amino-acid difference confers major pharmacological variation between human and rodent 5-HT (sub 1B) receptors

Article Abstract:

Replacement of a single amino acid in the human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor radically changes its pharmacological receptivity, rendering it identical to that of rodent 5-HT (sub 1B). The extreme sensitivity exhibited means the properties of receptors cannot be extrapolated from one species to another even when the two receptors have nearly identical sequences in both species. Those properties must be validated independently.

Usage, Animal models in research, Animal research models, Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, Drug receptors

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Genomic amplification of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand in lung and colon cancer

Article Abstract:

Activated T cells and natural killer cells produce fast ligand (FasL), which induces apoptosis. FasL and Fas mediate immune-cytotoxic killing of potentially harmful cells. A soluble decoy receptor, termed decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) has been discovered, that binds to FasL and restricts FasL-induced apoptosis. This gene was amplified in around half of the 35 primary lung and colon tumours examined.

Observations, Cell death, Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Cell mediated cytotoxicity

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