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Biological sciences

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Bacteriophage lysis: mechanism and regulation

Article Abstract:

Murein hyrolase and holin are two phage-developed proteins that are involve in the bacteriophage lysis of the cells. Holin acts on the cell by forming into oligomers that produce a lesion on the cytoplasmic membrane which enables murein hydrolase to pass through and penetrate the murein layer. This oligomerization of holins is considered the regulated step in lysis process. Murein hydrolase synthesis activity does not develop upon access of this protein to murein layer, but a sole species of membrane proteins develop that result in the disintegration of the cell envelope.

Genetic aspects, Cell death, Bacteriophages

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Mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis

Article Abstract:

The mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis involve many factors. Different initiation factors are required in the processes of initiation, elongation and termination. A release factor is needed to cause efficient peptide chain termination to allow another round of translation. Regulation of the activity of the translation factors is done by protein phosphorylation. Specific mRNAs can also effect translational control by autoregulation.

Proteins, Protein synthesis

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Immune regulation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases

Article Abstract:

The immune response to the oncogenic manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may be curtailed by changes in processing and presentation of EBV antigens. Tumor cells are restricted to presenting only the EBNA1 antigen. They are also unable to process antigens that characterize latent EBV infection of B lymphocytes. This may be caused by dysfunction of antigen-processing genes. Strategies for producing an EBV vaccine are discussed.

Immune response, Immune response regulation, Epstein-Barr virus diseases

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