Interactions between Black-billed Magpie and fallow deer
Article Abstract:
Ectoparasite removal was observed as the cause for Black-billed Magpies' (Pica pica) pecking on fallow deer (Dama dama). It was also observed that deer that were sitting were preferred by the magpies over deer that were standing. The magpies also seemed to prefer adult males over adult females or calves. The ectoparasitic interaction may be benefiting birds because ectoparasites are one of their sources of food. However, its benefit to the fallow deer has yet to be investigated.
Publication Name: The Condor
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0010-5422
Year: 1998
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Host benefit and the evolution of specialization in symbiosis
Article Abstract:
The host benefit in symbioses with horizontal transmission depends on factors such as selection pressure on the microbial symbionts, which reduces host benefit; variation in host benefit from symbiont genotypes, associated with varying environmental circumstances; and low or unpredictable abundance of the microbial symbiont. Low host specificity and variance in symbiont effectiveness may characterize symbioses that are horizontally transmitted.
Publication Name: Heredity
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0018-067X
Year: 1998
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Factors affecting prey preparation by adult Magpies feeding nestlings
Article Abstract:
There are two main factors influencing prey preparation by Magpies feeding nestlings. Magpies devote more time to preparing large prey, which may be seen as a benefit to the nestlings. However, they devote less time to preparing prey when they must focus on other activities, such as foraging. It appears that the degree of prey preparation is a balance between the benefits to the nestlings and the costs to the parents.
Publication Name: The Condor
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0010-5422
Year: 1999
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
- Abstracts: Interaction between Magellanic Penguins and shrimp fisheries in Patagonia, Argentina. The effect of carrying devices on breeding Royal Penguins
- Abstracts: Protein kinase A and protein kinase C modulators have reciprocal effects on mesenchymal condensation during skin appendage morphogenesis
- Abstracts: Blood groups and red cell acid phosphatase types in a Mixteca population resident in Mexico City. Two decade trends in birth weight and early childhood growth in Papua New Guinea
- Abstracts: The diet of the Antarctic Shag during summer at Nelson Island, Antarctica. Comparisons of coastal fringe and interior forests as reserves for Marbled Murrelets on Vancouver Island