Mice devoid of all known thyroid hormone receptors are viable but exhibit disorders of the pituitary-thyroid axis, growth, and bone maturation
Article Abstract:
Mice lacking the known thyroid hormone (T3) receptors are viable but show disorders of growth, the pituitary-thyroid axis, and bone maturation. Receptor pathways by which the diversity in T3 functions arise are not well understood. The mice in the study had a novel array of phenotypes not seen in single- receptor-deficient mice. Results show major T3 functions are mediated by common pathways in which TR(beta) and TR(alpha)1 or substitute for or cooperate with one another. No evidence for any previously unidentified T3 receptors was found. It appears that T3-independent actions of T3 receptors, seen in vitro in the past, maybe be a signification function in vivo.
Publication Name: Genes & Development
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0890-9369
Year: 1999
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Localization of matrix metalloproteinase 9 to the cell surface provides a mechanism for CD44-mediated tumor invasion
Article Abstract:
The cell surface hyaluronan receptor CD44 is helpful to tumor growth and metastasis. The mechanisms are not well understood. CD 44 associates with a proteolytic form of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on the surface of human melanoma cells and mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Cell surface MMP-9 which is CD44-associated promotes cell-mediated collagen IV degradation in vitro. It also has an effect on tumor cell invasion of G8 myoblast monolayers. It appears that CD44 serves to anchor MMP-9 on the cell surface and to make a mechanism for CD44-mediated tumor invasion. In vivo, disruption of CD44/MMP-0 cluster formation inhibits tumor invasiveness.
Publication Name: Genes & Development
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0890-9369
Year: 1999
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