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Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries

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Influence of layer charge on the catalytic activity of mildly acid-activated tetramethylammonium-exchanged bentonites

Article Abstract:

The catalytic activity of hybrid acid-activated organoclays (AAOCs) SWy-2 (Wyoming), STx-1 (Texas) and SAz-1 (Cheto, AZ) montomorillonite and Sap-Ca saponite (California) was directly measured using the isomerization of alpha-pinene at 120 degrees Celsius for one hour to yield camphene, limonene and other minor products. These were then compared to clays acid-treated in the absence of TMA+ cations. Results revealed that total conversion for the isomerization of alpha-pinene was excellent for AAOCs formed from SWy-2 (88%) and STx-1 (73%), moderate for Sap-Ca (50%) and low for SAz-1 (20%). Samples treated in the TMA+ alone did not exhibit any marked catalytic activity. Acid-treated Sap-Ca and STx-1, which contained no TMA+ cations, were also effective catalysts for the isomerization process. TMA+ were surprisingly resistant to exchange by protons.

Research, Acid-base chemistry, Clay, Bentonite

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Catalytic oxidation of 2-chlorophenol in confined channels of ZSM-48

Article Abstract:

The study was done where the formation of undesired heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated phenol byproducts in supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of 2-chlorophenol catalyzed by CuO/ZSM-48 was significantly reduced. The result shows that the reduction was attributed due to the byproduct shape selectivity of the confined ZSM-48 channels.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Distinguishing interlayer cations in montmorillonite by thermal analysis of dimethylformamide-saturated samples

Article Abstract:

The experiments were done on the derivative thermograms (DTG) for the desorption of the dimethylformamide (DMF) saturated samples. The results confirm that dimethylformamide (DMF) is present as a single layer of molecules in the clay gallery at temperatures of 420, 330 and 220 degrees C.

Dimethylformamide

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