The pseudomonic acids

Article Abstract:

Pseudomonic acids formed by Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria by suppressing the formation of proteins and RNA by the bacteria. Pseudomonic acid A, mupirocin, contains diaxially disposed protons. The structures of pseudomonic acid B, C and D are similar to that of A and the main differences are in the C-5 and C-8 side chains. The synthesis of pseudomonic acids requires the condensation of a pyran ring with its side chain. Synthesis of the pseudomonic acids using methods such as the Kozikowski, Fleet, White and DeShong methods is given.

Condensation products (Chemistry), Mupirocin

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Naturally occurring tetramic acids: structure, isolation, and synthesis

Article Abstract:

The synthesis of the tetramic acids, which are enolic tautomer, using racemic and enantioselective methods, is given. The Dieckmann cyclization and C3 acylation methods and Lacey-Dieckmann cyclization methods are discussed. The most common form of tetramic acid is pyrrolidine-2,4-dione which contains an acyl group at C3. Tetrameric acids are also present in the form of dienoyltetramic acids and polyenoyltetrameric acids. The acidity of tetraonic acids containing acyl or alkoxycarbonyl groups at C3 is similar to that of tetronic acids.

Organic acids

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Synthesis of vitamin D (Calciferol)

Article Abstract:

Methods used for the synthesis of 1-alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), the metabolite of vitamin D, are given. Vitamin D can be obtained from the previtamin formed by opening the ring of 7-dehydrocholesterol containing a side chain whose structure has been changed by 1-alpha-hydroxylation. The synthesis of vitamin D analogues with modified side chains and A-rings is also given. 1,25-D3 is a steroid hormone and is used in drugs for diseases such as leukemia, rickets and osteoporosis.

Vitamin D3

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