Facsimile's false starts: the development of the 150-year-old concept underwent many twists and cost millions of dollars before soaring to success
Article Abstract:
The digital facsimile machine may have been the most welcomed of all the communication technologies. Although first patented in 1843, the fax machine did not really start to take off until the last five years. Telecommunication deregulation, excellent packaging, reduced equipment costs, and consumer awareness and acceptance all catapulted the fax to its current status. The advantage of the fax is that the form of communication is instantaneous, and it provides a written record; its only disadvantage is its lack of a computer interface, which is quickly disappearing. A fax machine is also as easy to use as the telephone. Facsimile consists of scanning, transmission and receiving operations, although prior to the modern fax machine such machines consisted of a metal stylus that moved line by line over a message, and the message's preparation was much like the work involved in preparing an artist's etching plate. The history of the fax is discussed.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 1993
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Not your father's MBA: engineers interested in business, management, and global operations now have many options
Article Abstract:
Traditional MBA programs have given way to graduate degrees tailored to the business world's increasing emphasis on technology, global expansion, and the rise in entrepreneurship. New MBA programs are striving to accommodate working engineers' need for flexible and relevant curricula, as more midcareer professionals enter managerial positions.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 2004
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