Look. The Tools Are in Your Hands

Article Abstract:

The one characteristic that must be present for the successful operation of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) would be predictable. As manufacturing flexibility increases, hard automation decreases. The assembly process for small-batch manufacturing represents the most difficult task. A support system must be in place before providing total integration. Direct labor has followed a downward trend for fifty years. It would be advantageous to change the mode of scheduling from 'master schedule push' to 'assembly pull.' Two photographs are included. A diagram illustrates the difference in degrees of automation and flexibility between a job shop and a high-volume plant. Another diagram compares material, direct labor and burden components of manufacturing costs for the 1920s and 1980s.

Systems analysis, Manufacturing, Automation, Integrated Systems, System Design, Production, Scheduling, Assembly Line, Support

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Look the GIF horse in the mouth

Article Abstract:

Graphical Interchange Format (GIF) offered by CompuServe Inc., is based on Lempel Zico-Welch (LZW) technology, patented by the Uisys Corporation. Vendors of graphic software using GIF prefer to drop its usage than obtain LZW licenses and pay royalties, as insisted by CompuServe. Small developers are looking for an alternative. Joint Photographic Experts Group's file format promises to be one.

Intellectual property, Computer graphics

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Cut orange peel to get a 'wet look' finish

Article Abstract:

Surface areas with paint and coat applications that have the wavy, orange peel look must be avoided. Color and gloss are two factors which influence surface appearance. The orange peel look happens when fresh paint does not flow smoothly on the surface. Process parameters, paint properties and substrate properties further affects the final surface appearance.

Paint and Coating Manufacturing, Paints and allied products, Paint & Coatings NEC, Methods, Analysis, Paints, Coating processes, Finishes and finishing, Finishes, Finishing

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