Canada's interests in North American economic integration
Article Abstract:
The current North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) promises to have relatively modest short-run econmic impacts on the Canadian economy, reflecting existing limited trade and investment flows between Canada and Mexico and relaitvely low tariff barriers on many products. In the longer run, opportunities exist for increased trade in services, primarily through the establishment of affiliates within the partner country. The liberalization of Mexico's investment regime in a number of service areas therefore represents a significant potential economic opportunity for Canadian firms. Other arguable benefits for Canada include an expedited dispute resolution process, clearer rules-of-origin, and constraints on adverse intrusion of regulatory processes as they affect Canadian-owned businesses. These gains come at comparatively low cost, most notably a higher domestic content requirement for motor vehicles. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Canadian Public Administration
Subject: Government
ISSN: 0008-4840
Year: 1993
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Economic efficiency vs traffic restraint: a note on Singapore's area license scheme
Article Abstract:
The efficiency of Singapore's Area License Scheme (ALS) is examined as a solution to traffic congestion. Congestion externalities occur because individuals do not consider the time costs to other travelers of their trips, causing a difference between marginal and average trip costs that equals the congestion price. The ALS was enforced in 1975 to reduce traffic congestion in Singapore. This scheme imposes a daily fee of three Singaporean dollars per vehicle during peak hours. ALS has, since then, successfully reduced traffic flow by 50%. However, analysis shows that the incidence of congestion is an insufficient condition for intervention because too much traffic restraint results in an inefficient reallocation of trips to alternative times and travel modes. Therefore, road pricing policies should be formulated based on an accurate measurement of the congestion externality to avoid needless intervention that may even have negative results.
Publication Name: Journal of Urban Economics
Subject: Government
ISSN: 0094-1190
Year: 1993
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The economic losses of a waterborne disease outbreak
Article Abstract:
The economic considerations of the possibility of a waterborne disease outbreak involve balancing the possible expense in medical care against the expense of purification and water treatment. The outbreak of a waterborne disease produces two types of damages: morbidity and losses due to reducing the exposure to contaminants. The valuation of morbidity involves the valuation of time and direct disutility of illness. The valuation of exposure-reducing behavior involves creating a relationship between the observable averting expenditures and the unobservable willingness to pay the expenditures.
Publication Name: Journal of Urban Economics
Subject: Government
ISSN: 0094-1190
Year: 1989
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