The case for creativity in complex organizations
Article Abstract:
Creative behavior in organizations is characterized by three elements: individual behavior, group behavior, and the organization structure to which these belong. Creative individual behavior is exhibited by persons with self-discipline, perseverance, independent judgement, tolerance of ambiguity, willingness to take a risk, and high self-direction. The groups in which these individuals work need to be highly flexible, without strict supervision, and composed of like-minded individuals who can provide stimulus and feedback. The organizational structure bridging groups and individuals needs to be decentralized in terms of decision making, needs to provide diversity in tasks or work, and lack rigid rules and regulations. Furthermore, it must have a leadership tier that respects and encourages creativity. Finally, a complex and heterogeneous environment provides challenge and stimulation necessary for creative thinking.
Publication Name: Personnel Management
Subject: Human resources and labor relations
ISSN: 0031-5761
Year: 1987
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Surfers defend the environment
Article Abstract:
A classic David versus Goliath legal case over environmental issues is detailed. Surfrider Foundation sued two Northern California pulp mills, Louisiana-Pacific Corp and Simpson Paper Co, for illegally dumping billions of gallons of untreated wastewater into the ocean off Humboldt County, thereby polluting one of the finest surfing breaks in California. The mills were made to pay $100 million for a treatment facility, environmental improvements and civil penalties.
Publication Name: California Journal
Subject: Government
ISSN: 0008-1205
Year: 1992
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International control of marine pollution
Article Abstract:
0-379-20685
Publication Name: Denver Journal of International Law and Policy
Subject: Political science
ISSN: 0196-2035
Year: 1981
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