Current understanding of pathology of bladder cancer and attendant problems
Article Abstract:
The healthy urinary bladder is a histologically simple organ. The interpretation of the pathology of the diseased organ is frequently the subject of controversy, as is the diagnosis of malignancy. Bladder cancers are 95 percent epithelial in origin, and papillomas are the principal manifestation. The distinction between benign and malignant papillary and flat bladder lesions depends on the presence or absence of anaplasia, or loss of structural differentiation. Bladder cancers are further characterized according to growth pattern, cell type, grade, depth of invasion, location, mode of local spread, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The specifics of these characteristics are described in detail. Transitional cell carcinoma represents 90 percent of the tumors found in the Western Hemisphere. In Egypt, Africa, and the Middle East, where Schistosoma hematobium is prevalent, squamous cell carcinomas comprise 80 percent of the bladder lesions. The solutions to disputed areas in bladder cancer pathology will be determined by basic research directed at distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions, establishing reproducible and objective grading criteria for a break through the basement membrane, and for the identification of lymphatic invasion. The metastatic potential of the cell must be clarified and classified. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: Journal of Occupational Medicine
Subject: Health care industry
ISSN: 0096-1736
Year: 1990
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Current therapy of bladder cancer
Article Abstract:
Bladder cancer includes a heterogeneous mix of lesions which are treated in a variety of ways. Surgical intervention and radiation therapy have often been used. Intervention must be effective but, at the same time, the comfort and convenience of the patient should be weighed. Maintenance of sexual potency and avoidance of external collection devices are important considerations in planning a treatment regimen for patients with bladder cancer. Local, or noninvasive, lesions are generally removed by endoscopic destruction or transurethral resection. Chemotherapeutic agents are administered to prevent distant metastasis, and combinations of chemotherapy have been effective in providing bladder cancer patients with lengthy complete responses. However, when bladder tumors are superficial, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, a bacterium used as a biological response modifier (adjuvant), appears to be superior to cytotoxic agents in preventing the development of new tumors. In the treatment of bladder cancer that has infiltrated muscle tissue, combinations of therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) are being tested to prolong survival or preserve the bladder. Tumor classification (staging) requires that specific treatments be administered to obtain optimal outcomes. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: Journal of Occupational Medicine
Subject: Health care industry
ISSN: 0096-1736
Year: 1990
User Contributions:
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Bladder cancer survival statistics
Article Abstract:
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in men, and the tenth in women. Approximately 47,000 new cases were reported in 1989, and about 10,200 deaths were attributed to this often occupationally-related neoplasm. Bladder cancer occurs primarily in the elderly; more than half of new cases are diagnosed in individuals over 70 years of age. The incidence rate is greater in whites than in blacks, a statistic that is in contrast with the incidence of cancers of the lungs, larynx, esophagus and prostate (which are more common among blacks). Early detection significantly improves the survival of patients with bladder cancer. Extensive statistical data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Annual Statistical Reports concerning the epidemiology and classification of bladder cancer are presented. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: Journal of Occupational Medicine
Subject: Health care industry
ISSN: 0096-1736
Year: 1990
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
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