Effects of pregnancy and exercise on concentrations of the metabolic markers tumor necrosis factor alpha and leptin

Article Abstract:

Weight-bearing exercise during pregnancy appears to decrease blood levels of leptin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. Excess leptin levels might cause weight gain and excess TNF alpha levels might cause insulin resistance.

Leptin, Tumor necrosis factor

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Portal vein blood flow effects of pregnancy, gravity, and exercise

Article Abstract:

Exercise training can reduce the redistribution of blood away from the uterus during exercise. The redistribution of blood increases blood flow through the portal vein, which transfers blood from the abdominal organs to the liver.

Research, Blood circulation

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Effect of maternal exercise and fetoplacental growth rate on serum erythropoietin concentrations

Article Abstract:

Exercise does not cause blood levels of erythropoietin to increase substantially during pregnancy, according to a study of seven pregnant women and seven non-pregnant women. It is important to know what effect exercise has on erythropoietin levels because an increase in erythropoietin can be a sign that the fetus is not getting enough oxygen. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

Erythropoietin

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