Abstracts

Health

HIV prevention in US correctional system, 1991

Article Abstract:

As many as eight percent of men and 15% of women entering prison may be positive for the AIDS virus. In Nov 1990, 4,519 cases of AIDS had been reported in federal and state prisons, and 2,466 cases had been reported in local and county jails. HIV-infected prisoners have an increased risk of contracting tuberculosis because most jails are crowded and have poor air circulation. Twenty states and the District of Columbia provide prisoners with counseling and testing. All state and local health departments should provide prison-based programs to teach prisoners how to avoid behaviors that put them at risk for AIDS.

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Epidemiology of sepsis syndrome in 8 academic centers

Article Abstract:

Sepsis syndrome is relatively common in hospitalized patients, even those not in the intensive care unit (ICU). Sepsis syndrome occurs when a bacterial infection in the bloodstream causes serious complications. Among 12,759 hospital patients at eight academic medical centers, 1,342 had sepsis syndrome. The incidence of sepsis syndrome was about 2 cases for every 100 admissions. Forty percent of the patients were not in the ICU at the time. One-fourth had septic shock and mortality rates were 34% at 28 days and 45% at five months. Gram-positive bacteria were responsible in most cases.

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