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The evaluation of chest pain in women

Article Abstract:

Many physicians are not sure how to evaluate a woman with chest pain. The major indications that a woman has coronary heart disease are chest pain, a history of diabetes or peripheral vascular disease and being postmenopausal. Chest pain in women must be carefully evaluated since many women have atypical pain. Intermediate indications that a woman may have coronary heart disease are a history of hypertension, smoking and blood low blood levels of HDL cholesterol, which protect against heart disease. Minor indications that a woman may have coronary heart disease are age greater than 65, central obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history and stress or lack of social support. Women with no major indications and no more than one or two intermediate or minor indications have a very low risk of heart disease and do not need a workup. Those with one or more major indication need an exercise test and possible imaging with echocardiograpy, thallium or technetium.

Evaluation, Diagnosis, Coronary heart disease, Chest pain

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Enrollment of women in cardiovascular clinical trials funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Article Abstract:

The growth of research on cardiovascular disease in women has primarily resulted from a greater number of single-sex research trials, rather than an increase in female enrollment in studies of both men and women. Women represented 54% of subjects in federally funded studies of cardiovascular disease, but only 38% of subjects in studies involving both genders.

Statistical Data Included, Research, Cardiovascular diseases

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Women in clinical trials - a portfolio for success

Article Abstract:

The historic underrepresentation of women in major clinical trials has made it difficult to study gender differences in cardiovascular and other diseases. The National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act (1993) mandated the inclusion of women and minority members in clinical trials in sufficient numbers to detect ethnic and gender differences in disease.

Editorial, Analysis

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