Post-Croson minority business utilization programs of state and local governments

Article Abstract:

The US Supreme Court's 1989 decision in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co signals an emerging court tendency to reject broad-brush affirmative action claims and only allow those claims which can prove damages due to discrimination. In this case, Richmond's minority business set-aside program was held to violate the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause because there was no evidence the program was instituted due to past discrimination. The court also took exception to the Richmond program's not being a narrowly tailored remedy.

Cases, Affirmative action, Discrimination

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State aids

Article Abstract:

Member states have responsibility to determine the scope of public broadcasting service when granting funding to broadcasting organizations. Recent cases of significant state aid include UK aid to Jaguar and Danish aid to five regional gas distribution companies. Some negative decisions made by the Commission include the Basque government's award to Favahe and Austria's aid to Agrana Starke GmbH.

Radio and Television Broadcasting, Noncommercial Broadcasting, Laws, regulations and rules, Finance, European Union. European Commission, Public broadcasting

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Joint union-management training programs

Article Abstract:

This article discusses the impact of poor labor relations on the development of employee training programs. Topics include the lack of employee training in skilled jobs, descriptions of the different types available as well as the benefits they provide.

United States, Social aspects, Evaluation, Economic aspects, Employee training, Labor disputes, Employee orientation

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