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Molecular characterization of endothelin receptors

Article Abstract:

Endothelins (ET) are endothelium-derived 21-amino acid vasoconstrictor peptides involved in vasopressor responses, vascular system regulation and several vascular pathologies. Three distinct genes encode three isopeptides of the ET family, namely ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3. These ET isoforms differ in amino acid sequence, tissue expression, distribution patterns and potency. It is presumed that differences in potencies and responses among the isoforms are mediated by specific ET receptors. Molecular biological techniques demonstrate the existence of at least two ET receptor subtypes.

Research, Genetic aspects, Vasoconstrictors, Vasoconstrictor agents, Cardiovascular receptors

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Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and its modulation by cyclic ADP-ribose

Article Abstract:

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADP-ribose) regulates the release of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum via Ca2+-mediated release mechanism which does not mimic an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) channel activation mechanism. Moreover, cADP-ribose functions as an effective endogenous ryanodine receptor ligand in sea urchin egg Ca2+-mobilization processes. In addition, cellular experiments have shown that the IP3-insensitive cADP-ribose induces Ca2+ release in rabbit cardiac and neuronal cells but not in glycerinated skeletal muscle cells.

Caffeine, Adenosine diphosphate, Inositol phosphates

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Neuroendocrine actions of endothelins

Article Abstract:

Endothelins have been found to affect the secretory processes in hypothalamo-pituitary systems and the regulatory mechanisms in neuroendocrine cells. These endothelins function through numerously distributed receptors which promote the increase of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, diacylglycerol and calcium ions in neuronal and endocrine cells. In addition, immediate endothelin signalling system desensitization occurs during prolonged endothelin stimulation.

Neurons

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