Arbitration and distributive justice: equity or equality?
Article Abstract:
Conflict over criteria used to allocate scarce resource is widespread in organizations. Two frequently used criteria (especially in labor-management disputes) are equity and equality. The conditions under which these two criteria are likely to be used by arbitrators were examined by investigating the effect of final offer (FOA) and conventional arbitration (CA) on the decisions and attitudes of 132 graduate and undergraduate students who acted as arbitrators in a series of wage and salary disputes between universities and their faculty associations. Subjects in the CA condition made arbitration awards that were most consistent with an equality, that is, split-the-difference decision rule (p is less than .001). Subjects in the FOA condition made awards that were most consistent with equity, that is, making reference to variables such as the cost of living and comparable salaries (p is less than .05). Because the external validity of the findings for the CA condition was a concern, a second experiment was conducted using 31 practicing arbitrators as subjects. The practicing arbitrators (like their student counterparts) made decisions that were most consistent with a split-the-difference decision rule. Several alternative explanations for these findings are considered, as are the implications for organizations. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1987
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Intention to commit driving violations: an application of the theory of planned behavior
Article Abstract:
This study assessed the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to account for drivers' intentions to commit four specific driving violations: drinking and driving, speeding, close following, and overtaking in risky circumstances. A stratified sample of drivers (N=881) was surveyed with a questionnaire constructed to measure attitudes toward behaviors, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions, the key constructs in TPB. Results showed that the addition of perceived behavioral control led to significant increments in the amount of explained variance in intentions, thereby supporting the theory. The relation between subjective norms and behavioral intentions was considerably stronger than between attitudes toward behaviors and behavioral intentions. Analyses of variance differentiated demographic subgroups of drivers in terms of behavioral beliefs, outcome evaluations, normative beliefs, motivation to comply, and control beliefs. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1992
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Equity theory versus expectancy theory: the case of major league baseball free agents
Article Abstract:
Equity theory and expectancy theory make different predictions under conditions of perceived underreward coupled with strong performance-outcome expectancies. A synthesis of these theories is proposed: Equity performance effects depend on the strength of the performance-outcome expectancy. Free-agent nonpitchers in the 1977-1980 baseball seasons were compared with a random sample of nonpitchers. These free agents probably felt underrewarded before entering the free-agent market yet probably also had expectations of higher salaries after becoming free agents. These competing motivations were hypothesized to affect individual performance. Two types of performance were assessed. Batting average, which had a weaker relation to salary outcome, declined in the year before free agency, whereas home run ratio, which had a stronger relation with salary outcome, did not decline. These results are consistent with the proposed synthesis. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1991
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
- Abstracts: Measuring the impacts of community development initiatives: A new application of the adjusted interrupted time-series method
- Abstracts: Segmentation and standardization of income determination in developing nations: an analysis of urban-rural differences in income determinants in Sri Lanka
- Abstracts: Situational analysis and the concept of equilibrium. "Class" as metaphor; on the unreflexive transformation of a concept into an object
- Abstracts: Can conservation and development be coupled among pastoral people? An examination of the Maasai of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania
- Abstracts: The Distribution Approach to Spatial Economics. Pricing in an Urban Spatial Monopoly: A Reply