Controlling multiple F test errors with an overall F test
Article Abstract:
This article presents a theoretical extension of the problem associated with multiple comparisons among means - the increasing rate of false rejection errors - to multiple F tests of effects in multifactor ANOVAs and regression analyses. The authors empirically confirmed the prediction of such errors through an experiment in which 32% of 100 random computer-generated three-factor ANOVAs had one or more false rejections for the usual seven F tests for main and interaction effects (30% were expected), yet only 6% of the overall F ratios - which tested all effects simultaneously - were falsely declared significant (5% were expected). In contrast, the Bonferroni procedure produced false rejections in 11% of the ANOVAs. The authors conclude that researchers can control the predictable rates of false rejection of errors inherent in multifactor analyses by extending the Fisher protection procedure and requiring the overall F to be significant. The article concludes with hypothetical experiments illustrating how researchers can use the procedure. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-8863
Year: 1989
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Factors controlling traffic crashes
Article Abstract:
Based on traffic safety literature, the author's judgment, and traffic accident data, this article identifies the most important factors controlling traffic crashes. Using a hierarchical schema, the article presents these factors in the following order of importance: human infrastructure factors of individual behavior - specifically, social norms and closed-loop compensatory feedback control - and legislative intervention; and engineering infrastructure factors involving roadways, traffic control systems, and vehicles. Although social norms are found to provide the greatest opportunity for reducing traffic crash rates, the author stress that several factors explain changes in traffic crash data, and considers attempts to explain such data using only one factor to be, at best, gross oversimplification. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-8863
Year: 1987
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Situational factors and alternative dispute resolution
Article Abstract:
A survey was conducted to investigate the beliefs of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) professionals about the impacts of various situational factors on the likelihood of negotiating an agreement. The author compares the survey responses of 119 labor relations and 44 nonlabor mediators and arbitrators. All respondents reported that when disputants have previous bargaining experience and deadlines are close, agreement is more likely, and that when one disputant has favorable alternatives outside the relationship agreement is less likely. Some differences emerged between the responses of those working in labor relations and those in nonlabor fields, however, and the author discusses the implications of generalizing findings from ADR in industrial relations to other settings. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-8863
Year: 1988
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