Motivational consequences of absence and attendance: proportional hazard estimation of a dynamic motivation model
Article Abstract:
I applied a dynamic motivation theory to predict the hazard rate h(t) of absence taking. h(t) is the instantaneous rate of going from work attendance to work absence in a unit of time, given that the individual has been in attendance until time t. Intuitively, h(t) estimates the strength of unfulfilled nonwork motives. The present article introduced a more appropriate statistical model for attendance analysis, the Cox proportional hazard rate model, estimated using partial likelihood. Absence records for one year for 465 underground coal miners, generating 7,064 attendance spells were used. Hypotheses about the impact of prior and subsequent absence spells on h(t) were formulated. h(t) was affected by the type of prior and subsequent absence, although some predictions were not supported. A Monte Carlo study of the model and the random occurrence of involuntary absence helped explain the unexpected estimates of h(t) of absence taking. The problems of unobserved heterogeneity and nonindependence of spells were addressed using both modeling and bootstrapping-type procedures. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1988
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The impact of consideration of issues and motivational orientation on group negotiation process and outcome
Article Abstract:
In 2 studies the authors tested the effects of motivational orientation (cooperative vs. individualistic) and issue consideration (simultaneous vs. sequential) on the negotiation process and outcome quality attained by 4-person groups engaged in a multi-issue negotiation. Study 1 (n=84) showed that both a cooperative orientation and simultaneous issue consideration improved outcome quality. Simultaneous consideration of issues also increased the likelihood of reaching agreement. Study 2, focusing on the negotiation process, showed that cooperative groups were more trusting and engaged in less argumentation. Simultaneous issue-consideration groups exchanged more information and had greater insight into the other parties' priorities. A lag sequential analysis showed that groups with a cooperative orientation overcame the limits of discussing issues sequentially by engaging norms of reciprocity and mutuality. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1993
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Attendance makes the heart grow fonder: a hazard rate approach to modeling attendance
Article Abstract:
Absence and attendance are studied by assessing the changing hazard rate h(t), of taking an absence over time in attendance. h(t) is the instantaneous rate of going from work attendance to work absence in a unit of time, given that the individual has been in attendance until time t. A dynamic attendance model (Fichman, 1984) suggests that the h(t) of absence taking increases with increasing time in attendance. Attendance data were collected for 465 underground coal miners generating 5,509 attendance spells. The results strongly support the hypothesis. The h(t) of being absent increases with increasing attendance duration. Concluding remarks are offered on using this new dynamic attendance model for analysis and work force planning. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1989
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