Occupational complexity, control, and personal income: their relation to psychological well-being in men and women
Article Abstract:
Research on work and well-being indicates that paid employment has beneficial consequences for mental health. In this study, it was hypothesized that higher occupational complexity, control, and personal income would be associated with higher levels of happiness and self-confidence and lower psychological vulnerability. In addition, the possibility was explored that models describing these correlations for employed women (n = 330) might differ from those for employed men (n = 618). Stepwise regression results indicate that occupational characteristics explain a small but significant proportion of variance in each measure of psychological well-being controlling for the effects of age and education. In addition, analysis of covariance reveals that separate regressions characterize employed men and women for happiness and self-confidence but not for vulnerability. Occupational characteristics also explain a significant proportion of variance in self-confidence for both men and women, and in happiness for men. Implications for the relation of work to well-being and for job enrichment and enlargement programs are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1987
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An analysis of managers' reactions to their own performance appraisal feedback
Article Abstract:
Individuals' reactions to their performance appraisal interviews were examined in two analyses of managers who appraised their subordinates. We hypothesized that managers' reactions toward their own appraisal interview would be influenced by both supervisor satisfaction and favorability of the feedback they received. We also hypothesized that managers' reactions would be affected by system satisfaction (i.e., their attitudes toward the system's ability to document the performance of their subordinates). Questionnaires were administered to managers in eight colleges and universities in one state system. Results indicated that managers distinguished between satisfaction with their own appraisal and its value in improving performance. Appraisal satisfaction was predicted by supervisor satisfaction and the recollection of their rating, but not system satisfaction. In a follow-up analysis, results were confirmed with managers in the original sample. The appraisal's improvement value was associated with supervisor satisfaction, and inversely related with performance rating. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1988
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Vicarious punishment in a work setting
Article Abstract:
In a study of the effects of punishment on coworkers who observe the act taking place, students hired as temporary clerical workers witnessed the punishment of colleagues in a work setting. The punishment witnessed consisted of a reduction in pay, a threat of a reduction in pay, or no punishment. Those who saw the reduction in pay produced significantly more than the other groups, and had the same level of job satisfaction. The study supports the theory that punishment can be used effectively in work settings.
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1986
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