Unemployment and nonwork activities among persons with higher education
Article Abstract:
This article reports a study of the relationship of employment status to participation in various nonwork activities, the relationship between duration of unemployment and the level of such participation, and the possibility that participation in nonwork activities moderates the psychological impact of unemployment. Using as its population highly educated unemployed persons in Israel aged 27-47 years, a two-wave survey was conducted (N = 432). Comparing the responses to the first and second questionnaires, the author analyzed cross-sectional comparisons between those who had and had not become reemployed when they returned the second questionnaire and examined the changes in the levels of nonwork activity and psychological well-being of the respondents that had occurred between their responses. The author found unemployment to be associated with increased participation in certain nonwork activities, and that the level of participation in some activities is positively correlated with psychological well-being. No clear evidence indicated, however, that participation in nonwork activities moderates the relationship between employment status and psychological well-being. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-8863
Year: 1986
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Goal coupling and innovation in medical schools
Article Abstract:
In this article, the authors report their study of how degrees of "coupling" - or fit - between parallel institutional goals and between institutional and lesser-order goals of organizations affect the implementation and success of innovations. Using a qualitative research design, the authors studied four medical schools that attempted to integrate the instruction of basic medical sciences into either organ-system or problem-solving curricula. The authors' findings lead them to hypothesize that the closer the innovation's goals are to institutional goals, the more targeted and limited the institutional goals, the tighter the coupling across institutional goals and with lesser-order goals, and the more linear and rational the goal-setting processes, the more likely an innovation is to survive. They conclude that medical educators - and other organization leaders - should spend more energy setting goals and priorities for competing goals, and articulating innovation goals with higher-order goals. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-8863
Year: 1986
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Organizational power styles: collective and competitive power under varying organizational conditions
Article Abstract:
This article reports research on the extent to which managers exercise both competitive and collective power with bosses, peers, and subordinates and the extent to which this exercise is related to organizational factors such as resource availability, normative structures, and organizational form (Type A or Type Z). Based on data from a survey of 350 managers from three levels of management in two businesses and two universities, the author finds that managers exercise both collective and competitive power in these organizations, in all role relationships, and that the type of power exercised is associated with resource availability and organizational form. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-8863
Year: 1986
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