Work, Nonwork, and Withdrawal
Article Abstract:
A study is described which tests the hypothesis that absenteeism is a function of motivation outgrowth in the realm of work and non work. Absenteeism was measured by withdrawal and return to work reactions; work attachment was measured by applying job requirement and job satisfaction values. Some negative correlation is evidenced between work attachment and absence frequency; between nonwork attachment and absence duration, a positive relationship is disclosed. Nonwork attachment, ideal work week, week day and weekend overtime hours are unrelated, with the absence classification assessed in hours or frequency. A model workweek showed plus and minus correlation with sickness hours and recurrence and uncondoned absence hours. Statistical tables showing means, standard deviations and bi-variate correlations among work, non-work, personal and absenteeism variables, are provided.
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1984
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Accuracy of Performance Ratings as Affected by Rater Training and Perceived Purpose of Rating
Article Abstract:
A study investigating the effects of perceived purpose for rating and training type is outlined. Rating format experiments not withstanding, researchers concerned with enhancing the status of rating systems should review rating-process variables to pursue performance evaluations. The dependent variables examined were accuracy, leniency/ severity and illusory halo; the purpose factor involved hiring feedback, and a research-only purpose. Three hypothesis headings were delineated: frame-of-reference (FOR) training, error training and perceived purpose of rating. Two researchers developed FOR training phases into five components and found that interrater agreement was increased. The results of the study provide support for the FOR postulate; the second hypothesis concerning error training was not supported, and the ratings for hiring purposes received only tentative support.
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1984
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Effect of Goal Acceptance on the Relationship of Goal Difficulty to Performance
Article Abstract:
Goal acceptance is a prime component in correlating goal difficulty with goal performance, but has not shown relevancy to performance. Previous experiments by E.A. Lock and J.W. Atkinson have established models by which to measure the difficulty-performance relationship. Postulates examined in this study demarcated positive and negative linears and slope reversals. The principal disclosure in this experiment reveals positive linear connections between difficulty and performance where aims are approved, and negative cognations where goals are repudiated. Change from acceptance to rejection is echoed in deviation shift from plus to minus levels between achievement and task difficulty. Charts and statistical data support theory conclusions that acceptance controls are necessary for affirming performance-difficulty relationships.
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Psychology
Subject: Social sciences
ISSN: 0021-9010
Year: 1984
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