Attentional bias in active smokers, abstinent smokers, and nonsmokers

Article Abstract:

Active smokers exhibit stronger attentional bias than abstinent smokers. This was gleaned from a study of attentional bias among active smokers, abstinent smokers and nonsmokers, using a modified version of the Stroop test wherein they were asked to color-name incongruent color-words, smoking-related words and neutral words. Results revealed longer verbal reaction time (VRT) to smoking-related words among active smokers compared to abstinent smokers. Only nonsmokers and abstinent smokers used longer VRTs to the Stroop words compared to the smoking words and neutral words.

Psychological aspects, Smokers, Smoking, Attention (Psychology), Selectivity (Psychology), Attention

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Autonomic cued reactivity in alcoholics: the effect of olfactory stimuli

Article Abstract:

Analysis of autonomic cued responses to olfactory alcohol stimuli in 20 outpatient alcoholics and 20 social drinkers subjected to neutral, low- and high-potency odors revealed that alcohol cues are emotionally repulsive and evoke a protective reaction to inhibit further processing of the stimuli. Alcoholics reported higher skin conductance and greater heart rate acceleration responses to high-potency alcohol odor than social drinkers but the low potency odor failed to evolve any differences.

Analysis, Drinking of alcoholic beverages, Drinking (Alcoholic beverages), Alcoholic beverages, Flavor, Odors

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Heart rate responses indicate locked-in attention in alcoholics immediately prior to drinking

Article Abstract:

Alcoholics had an accelerated heart rate, in an experiment with 20 alcoholics and 10 social drinkers, when they were told that they were going to be served alcohol. The heart rate remained elevated till actually drinking alcohol for severely dependent subjects whereas mildly dependent subjects' heart rate was dependent on the urge to drink. This physiological response will impact alcoholics ability to reduce addiction.

Physiological aspects, Alcoholism, Alcoholics

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