Dating the primigenial C4-CYP21 duplication in primates

Article Abstract:

Relevant segments of the C4-CYP21 region of the chimpanzee, gorilla, pigtail macaque and orangutan were sequenced to determine the time of occurence of primigenial C4-CYP21 duplication in primates and the mechanism involved in this process. Results revealed that the duplication breakpoint in primates are in the same location as in humans. In addition, sequences surrounding paralogous genes have a greater similarity compared with those flanking orthologous genes in dissimilar species. These indicate that primigenial duplication took place through nonhomologous recombination and before apes diverged from Old World Monkeys over 23 million years ago.

Evolution (Biology), Evolution, Primates

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Polymorphism and balancing selection at major histocompatibility complex loci

Article Abstract:

The number of alleles that differ at non-synonymous loci in the peptide-binding region of the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) were related to the number of nucleotide substitutions among pairs of alleles. The non-synonymous substitution rate was much higher than the synonymous substitution rate for loci. This gives credence to the theory that balancing selection following the overdominance-type model is responsible for Mhc polymorphism.

Research, Mutation (Biology), Mutation, Genetic polymorphisms

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Evolutionary aspects of the S-related genes of the Brassica self-incompatibility system: synonymous and nonsynonymous base substitutions

Article Abstract:

The self-incompatible plants of the Brassicaceae species have a self/nonself recognition system that is sporophytically controlled by multiple alleles. The nucleotide sequences of SRK(super 9)(Bc) and SRK(super 6)(Bo) reveals that the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per site (Pn) was lower, compulsed, in the kinase than in the receptor domain, while the numbers of synonymous substitutions per site (Pn) in the two domains were related.

Observations, Genetic research

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