Degradation of atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by mycorrhizal fungi at three nitrogen concentrations in vitro

Article Abstract:

Two chlorinated aromatic herbicides at two herbicide concentrations and three nitrogen concentrations can be degraded by mycorrhizal fungi and the habicide, with no correlation to fungal ecotype. Radiolabelled 2,4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine atrazine used as substrates at concentrations of 1 and 4 mm showed 8 weeks later that none of the cultures tested grew at 4 mm 2, 4-D. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae 1318 had the highest level of atrazine carbon absorbed into its tissue. An increase in nitrogen concentration demonstrated an increase in the total herbicide degradation.

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D (Herbicide)

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Dechlorination of atrazine by a Rhizobium sp. isolate

Article Abstract:

Enrichment cultures of 11 soil specimens were utilized to isolate a Rhizobium sp. strain, named PATR, that produces clear zones around its colonies on minimal agar plates supplemented with atrazine. The PATR Rhizobium sp. strain actively degraded atrazine in a basal liquid medium containing 30 milligrams of the herbicide. Analysis of the structure of the PATR atrazine hydrolase indicated the presence of four 50-kDa subunits with a nucleotide sequence that is 92% similar to atrazine chlorohydrolase from the ADP strain of Pseudomonas sp.

Physiological aspects, Rhizobium, Biodegradation, Microbial enzymes, Herbicides

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Ink and vinegar, a simple staining technique for arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to characterize a technique for staining arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal colonizations in root tissues. Seeds from various plant families were collected and surface sterilized by soaking in a 0.75% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 minutes. Roots were then cleared by boiling and rinsing. Experimental results indicated that the method can effectively stain and de-stain arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal colonizations.

Research, Roots (Botany), Fungi

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